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Título

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody–Associated Disease (MOGAD): The Various Neuroimaging Patterns

Introdução e objetivo(s)

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease (MOGAD) constitutes a novel inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, that may constitute a diagnostic challenge. The main objective of this pictorial essay is to review the main neuroimaging patterns of this entity, describing the different neuroimaging findings in MRI, allowing the Neuroradiologist greater confidence in establishing the differential diagnosis.

Método(s)

A pictorial essay was carried out on the main imaging findings of MOGAD based on clinical cases from imaging departments of different hospitals.

Discussão

In this review, we present multiple MOGAD patterns, some of them rare, that should be recognized by the Neuroradiologist. We characterized MRI features of optic nerves, brain and spinal cord of patients with MOGAD. Most of imaging findings are localized in the optic nerves associated with attacks of optic neuritis. Spinal cord can be involved, presenting with longitudinally extensive lesions, with tropism to the conus medullaris. Brain imaging is nonspecific and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a common imaging phenotype of these patients, particularly in childhood. Brainstem and deep gray nuclei lesions are uncommon, but when they happen, they are more common in children. Cortical encephalitis with seizures, characterized by leptomeningeal enhancement and FLAIR-hiperintense cortical lesions (FLAMES) is an even rarer pattern related to MOGAD.

Conclusões

In conclusion, MOGAD primarily affects children and young adults. The cerebral involvement patterns vary greatly, and understanding these imaging characteristics is crucial for narrowing down differential diagnoses. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, monophasic ADEM, and multiple sclerosis are other conditions that Neuroradiologists should consider.

Palavras Chave

MOGAD- IMAGING PATTERNS

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